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The Code So Far VII

 
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The source code using glutPostRedisplay instead of registering an idle function. As usual check out the source code at GitHub.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

// angle of rotation for the camera direction
float angle = 0.0f;

// actual vector representing the camera's direction
float lx=0.0f,lz=-1.0f, ly = 0.0f;

// XZ position of the camera
float x=0.0f, z=5.0f, y = 1.75f;

// the key states. These variables will be zero
//when no key is being presses
float deltaAngle = 0.0f;
float deltaMove = 0;
int xOrigin = -1;

// width and height of the window
int h,w;

// variables to compute frames per second
int frame;
long time, timebase;
char s[50];

// variables to hold window identifiers
int mainWindow, subWindow1,subWindow2,subWindow3;
//border between subwindows
int border = 6;

void setProjection(int w1, int h1)
{
	float ratio;
	// Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short
	// (you cant make a window of zero width).
	ratio = 1.0f * w1 / h1;
	// Reset the coordinate system before modifying
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
	glLoadIdentity();

	// Set the viewport to be the entire window
        glViewport(0, 0, w1, h1);

	// Set the clipping volume
	gluPerspective(45,ratio,0.1,1000);
	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

void changeSize(int w1,int h1) {

	if(h1 == 0)
		h1 = 1;

	// we're keeping these values cause we'll need them latter
	w = w1;
	h = h1;

	// set subwindow 1 as the active window
	glutSetWindow(subWindow1);
	// resize and reposition the sub window
	glutPositionWindow(border,border);
	glutReshapeWindow(w-2*border, h/2 - border*3/2);
	setProjection(w-2*border, h/2 - border*3/2);

	// set subwindow 2 as the active window
	glutSetWindow(subWindow2);
	// resize and reposition the sub window
	glutPositionWindow(border,(h+border)/2);
	glutReshapeWindow(w/2-border*3/2, h/2 - border*3/2);
	setProjection(w/2-border*3/2,h/2 - border*3/2);

	// set subwindow 3 as the active window
	glutSetWindow(subWindow3);
	// resize and reposition the sub window
	glutPositionWindow((w+border)/2,(h+border)/2);
	glutReshapeWindow(w/2-border*3/2,h/2 - border*3/2);
	setProjection(w/2-border*3/2,h/2 - border*3/2);
}

void drawSnowMan() {

	glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

// Draw Body
	glTranslatef(0.0f ,0.75f, 0.0f);
	glutSolidSphere(0.75f,20,20);

// Draw Head
	glTranslatef(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	glutSolidSphere(0.25f,20,20);

// Draw Eyes
	glPushMatrix();
	glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
	glTranslatef(0.05f, 0.10f, 0.18f);
	glutSolidSphere(0.05f,10,10);
	glTranslatef(-0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	glutSolidSphere(0.05f,10,10);
	glPopMatrix();

// Draw Nose
	glColor3f(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
	glRotatef(0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	glutSolidCone(0.08f,0.5f,10,2);

	glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

}

void renderBitmapString(
		float x,
		float y,
		float z,
		void *font,
		char *string) {

	char *c;
	glRasterPos3f(x, y,z);
	for (c=string; *c != '\0'; c++) {
		glutBitmapCharacter(font, *c);
	}
}

void restorePerspectiveProjection() {

	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
	// restore previous projection matrix
	glPopMatrix();

	// get back to modelview mode
	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

void setOrthographicProjection() {

	// switch to projection mode
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

	// save previous matrix which contains the
	//settings for the perspective projection
	glPushMatrix();

	// reset matrix
	glLoadIdentity();

	// set a 2D orthographic projection
	gluOrtho2D(0, w, h, 0);

	// switch back to modelview mode
	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

void computePos(float deltaMove) {

	x += deltaMove * lx * 0.1f;
	z += deltaMove * lz * 0.1f;
}

// Common Render Items for all subwindows
void renderScene2() {

// Draw ground

	glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f);
	glBegin(GL_QUADS);
		glVertex3f(-100.0f, 0.0f, -100.0f);
		glVertex3f(-100.0f, 0.0f,  100.0f);
		glVertex3f( 100.0f, 0.0f,  100.0f);
		glVertex3f( 100.0f, 0.0f, -100.0f);
	glEnd();

// Draw 36 SnowMen
	for(int i = -3; i < 3; i++)
		for(int j=-3; j < 3; j++)
		{
			glPushMatrix();
			glTranslatef(i*10.0f, 0.0f, j * 10.0f);
			drawSnowMan();
			glPopMatrix();
		}
}

// Display func for main window
void renderScene() {
	glutSetWindow(mainWindow);
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
	glutSwapBuffers();
}

// Display func for sub window 1
void renderScenesw1() {

	glutSetWindow(subWindow1);

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glLoadIdentity();
	gluLookAt(x, y, z,
		  x + lx,y + ly,z + lz,
		  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

	renderScene2();

	// display fps in the top window
 	frame++;

	time=glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
	if (time - timebase > 1000) {
		sprintf(s,"Lighthouse3D - FPS:%4.2f",
			frame*1000.0/(time-timebase));
		timebase = time;
		frame = 0;
	}

	setOrthographicProjection();

	glPushMatrix();
	glLoadIdentity();
	renderBitmapString(5,30,0,GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12,s);
	glPopMatrix();

	restorePerspectiveProjection();

	glutSwapBuffers();
}

// Display func for sub window 2
void renderScenesw2() {

	glutSetWindow(subWindow2);

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glLoadIdentity();
	gluLookAt(x, y+15, z,
		  x ,y - 1,z,
		  lx,0,lz);

	// Draw red cone at the location of the main camera
	glPushMatrix();
	glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
	glTranslatef(x,y,z);
	glRotatef(180-(angle+deltaAngle)*180.0/3.14,0.0,1.0,0.0);
	glutSolidCone(0.2,0.8f,4,4);
	glPopMatrix();

	renderScene2();

	glutSwapBuffers();
}

// Display func for sub window 3
void renderScenesw3() {

	glutSetWindow(subWindow3);

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glLoadIdentity();
	gluLookAt(x-lz*10 , y, z+lx*10,
		  x ,y ,z ,
		  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

	// Draw red cone at the location of the main camera
	glPushMatrix();
	glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
	glTranslatef(x,y,z);
	glRotatef(180-(angle+deltaAngle)*180.0/3.14,0.0,1.0,0.0);
	glutSolidCone(0.2,0.8f,4,4);
	glPopMatrix();

	renderScene2();

	glutSwapBuffers();
}

// Global render func
void renderSceneAll() {

	// check for keyboard movement
	if (deltaMove) {
		computePos(deltaMove);
		glutSetWindow(mainWindow);
		glutPostRedisplay();
	}

	renderScene();
	renderScenesw1();
	renderScenesw2();
	renderScenesw3();
}

// -----------------------------------
//             KEYBOARD
// -----------------------------------

void processNormalKeys(unsigned char key, int xx, int yy) {

	if (key == 27) {
		glutDestroyWindow(mainWindow);
		exit(0);
	}
}

void pressKey(int key, int xx, int yy) {

	switch (key) {
		case GLUT_KEY_UP : deltaMove = 0.5f; break;
		case GLUT_KEY_DOWN : deltaMove = -0.5f; break;
	}
	glutSetWindow(mainWindow);
	glutPostRedisplay();

}

void releaseKey(int key, int x, int y) {

	switch (key) {
		case GLUT_KEY_UP :
		case GLUT_KEY_DOWN : deltaMove = 0;break;
	}
}

// -----------------------------------
//             MOUSE
// -----------------------------------

void mouseMove(int x, int y) {

	// this will only be true when the left button is down
	if (xOrigin >= 0) {

		// update deltaAngle
		deltaAngle = (x - xOrigin) * 0.001f;

		// update camera's direction
		lx = sin(angle + deltaAngle);
		lz = -cos(angle + deltaAngle);

		glutSetWindow(mainWindow);
		glutPostRedisplay();
	}
}

void mouseButton(int button, int state, int x, int y) {

	// only start motion if the left button is pressed
	if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON) {

		// when the button is released
		if (state == GLUT_UP) {
			angle += deltaAngle;
			deltaAngle = 0.0f;
			xOrigin = -1;
		}
		else  {// state = GLUT_DOWN
			xOrigin = x;

		}
	}
}

// -----------------------------------
//             MAIN and INIT
// -----------------------------------

void init() {

	glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);

	// register callbacks
	glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1);
	glutKeyboardFunc(processNormalKeys);
	glutSpecialFunc(pressKey);
	glutSpecialUpFunc(releaseKey);
	glutMouseFunc(mouseButton);
	glutMotionFunc(mouseMove);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

	// init GLUT and create main window
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
	glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
	glutInitWindowSize(800,800);
	mainWindow = glutCreateWindow("Lighthouse3D - GLUT Tutorial");

	// callbacks for main window
	glutDisplayFunc(renderSceneAll);
	glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);

	// Removing the idle function to save CPU and GPU
	//glutIdleFunc(renderSceneAll);
	init();

	// sub windows
	subWindow1 = glutCreateSubWindow(mainWindow, border,border,w-2*border, h/2 - border*3/2);
	glutDisplayFunc(renderScenesw1);
	init();

	subWindow2 = glutCreateSubWindow(mainWindow, border,(h+border)/2,w/2-border*3/2, h/2 - border*3/2);
	glutDisplayFunc(renderScenesw2);
	init();

	subWindow3 = glutCreateSubWindow(mainWindow, (w+border)/2,(h+border)/2,w/2-border*3/2,h/2 - border*3/2);
	glutDisplayFunc(renderScenesw3);
	init();

	// enter GLUT event processing cycle
	glutMainLoop();
	
	return 1;
}

 

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  7 Responses to “The Code So Far VII”

  1. Hi,
    Some of the functions seem to be deprecated, what is the replacement for them (gluPerspective and glMatrixMode) in OpenGL 4.2, been searching online but I haven’t found anything and pretty new to GLUT and using GL (outside of writing shaders).

    Thanks

  2. Your tutorial was very useful. I think you deserve a medal or something. Thanks a billion

  3. I skipped ahead… somewhere along the line “esc” is now a crashing my program (and I don’t mean close).

  4. Excellent tutorials, two issues however.
    1) Everytime Game Mode is initialised it goes to full screen then promptly exits, I have changed bit depth, resolution and the program runs in windowed mode fine, everytime I assign it to a function key, such as F4 it doesn’t do anything, yet the other function keys, F3, F2, F1 etc work fine.
    2) Ever since the last tutorial where I changed from Idle Function to glutPostRedisplay, the FPS counter isn’t always running, is there a way to maintain the FPS counter whilst yeilding the control back to the CPU? Do games constantly render seeing as the FPS counter is always updating?

    • Thanks Wilksey,

      1) I have no clue as to why it is behaving like that. 🙁
      2) Yes, to have the FPS counter you must keep rendering as often as possible, either with the Idle function or keep calling glutPostRedisplay at the end of every frame.

  5. Your tutorials are simply AWESOME! Just what I needed to start making a game with OpenGL.
    Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you so much!!! 🙂
    p.s: “void main” is no longer relevant in c or c++. It’s always “int main”.

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